9.11. A cost question – a complete repair or partial replacement

Put the car on goats or an elevating platform. In the beginning prop up flexible tubes (are specified by arrows) a safety casing or a suitable basic material (брусками a tree, обрешеткой roofs) and clamping tapes. If at installation something have overwound, all "network" will easily break, it is possible to consider tubes as scrap iron. Thus, address with them it is affable enough. Disconnect the tip of the ljambda-gauge and... ... Dismantle then стренгу a cable (it is specified by an arrow) in a body floor.



Do not bend, and prop up: a flexible final tube in front of the catalyst.

Do not forget: in the beginning disconnect the ljambda-gauge tip.

Now turn the ljambda-gauge (it is specified by an arrow) for a flange.



Unscrew: the ljambda-gauge.

Release on the forward party of the catalyst a flange of a flexible tube, cautiously disconnect a flange and... ... Release then a back connecting flange (it is specified by an arrow). Utilise old nuts, linings and fixing rubber.



Tightness at the expense of two screws: a catalyst flange.

Lower "rest" of final system from fixing loops and together with the assistant pull out all installation from under "stomach" Mondeo. Installation is carried out upside-down. At installation use copper paste, rub it in a carving and new linings. If installation is replaced partially old фланцевые surfaces will be necessary for processing an emery paper. Flanges should be tightened, as well as the ljambda-gauge, the moment 46 Н·м. Level final system under the car bottom, spend a trial trip and again check up, whether all workplaces remained tight.

How to be convinced of tightness of system

At each repair of an exhaust system in general it is necessary to use new consolidations and screws: new linings are much more flexible and consequently carry out the mission is better. Not tight system publishes sounds not only on "boondocks", but also besides renders negative influences on capacity and parametres of the fulfilled gas. Therefore do not forget to work thoroughly before installation with all condensing surfaces and to grease a carving of screws with heat resisting copper paste.

That leaves an exhaust system

Окись carbon (WITH): it is measured at research of the fulfilled gas. Exact management of the expense of the injected fuel, homogeneous formation of a gas mixture in an inlet path of the chamber of combustion, and also the correct moment of ignition are the basic preconditions «receptions meeting the requirements» the fulfilled gas. Never spend measurements WITH in the closed premises – you can get poisoned by fumes thus! In atmosphere окись carbon mixes up with oxygen, forming safe dioxide of carbon (СО₂). This gas makes considerable impact on a hotbed effect.

Hydrocarbon (NANOSECOND): not completely burns down in "cold" places and "folded" chambers of combustion. The making NANOSECOND depends on an engine design (unchangeable size). In the presence of a poor or rich gas mixture the NANOSECOND share in the fulfilled gas nevertheless increases. Together with nitrogen oxides (NOx) hydrocarbons are responsible for smog occurrence (heavy soluble concentration of the fulfilled gas in atmosphere).

Nitrogen oxides (NOx): their share increases at the raised temperatures of combustion. For example, in engines which are developed for a small exit WITH and NANOSECOND (the lowered expense of fuel) (engines for poor gas mixtures). At the big concentration окись nitrogen can do much harm to respiratory organs. In the union with water they form hydrochloric acid (acid rains).

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂): it is formed as a result of sulphur presence in fuel and mainly at combustion of diesel fuel. Under the influence of light there is a sulfuric acid or sulphurous acids. Both connections promote acid rains. Modern agreements on vehicles define formation of sulfuric acids at a rate of 3 %.

Typical toxins in the fulfilled gas of diesel fuel: Diesel engines lead to formation of the fulfilled gas with the small maintenance WITH and NANOSECOND that is caused by their functioning. Despite high degree of compression they unload in atmosphere and less oxides of nitrogen in comparison with carburettor engines. However it is not necessary to consider a diesel engine «чистюлей», it makes other problematic products of combustion, the soot, for example, is the typical representative of the fulfilled gas at these engines. The soot consists of not burnt down carbon and ashes. Soot particles are accessible to inhalation and are considered as cancerogenic substances. Simultaneously at combustion of diesel fuel sulphur dioxide – however in большей concentration, than in petrol engines is formed (look point: sulphur Dioxide).